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发表于 2012-4-8 11:57:00
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本帖最后由 yong321 于 2012-4-8 12:19 编辑
本文可能原发于《中国宋代历史研究》,作者四川大学历史文化学院胡昭曦。在网上首次出现于2008-12-05:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4eb39b050100bmnn.html
文章按传统观点将宋朝说成封建社会,甚至在介绍西方宋史研究时也是如此,如“第二,中国封建社会的特征到宋代已发展成熟”。但愿能找到埃狄纳·巴拉兹(Étienne Balázs)的书核实。“封建”一词在史学上、至少在欧洲历史上有明确含义。
据Tanigawa Michio(谷霽光?)1985年《Medieval Chinese Society and the Local "Community"》(中世纪中国社会和地方“社区”):
http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1k4003vg&chunk.id=d0e1557&toc.id=d0e1557&brand=ucpress
In Balazs' understanding, the permanent quality of Chinese society revolved around the "bureaucracy." He was forced to draw the conclusion that from the inauguration of the imperial system China had never in her history experienced feudalism - at least, it had never been effectively put into practice. Balazs argued that the Chinese Communists had dispensed with Marx's original four-stage schema (Asiatic society, classical slave society, medieval feudal society, and modern capitalist society), and in its place, with a schema borrowed from "vulgar Marxism," they had become adept at calling "feudal" everything that transpired between the "slave society" of ancient China and 1949. Thus, Balazs argued, this all-inclusive "feudalism" only led to a confusion in understanding. Not that China's bureaucratic society wholely lacked feudal elements, but in his view the principal ruling class in society had remained the scholar-officials, and they were not the great landowners truly befitting the station of a feudal class.
(在巴拉兹看来,中国社会的永久特质是以“官僚”为中心。他被*迫得出结论:自从皇权体系的建立起,中国从未在她的历史上经历过封建社会--至少它从未被有效付诸实施。巴拉兹认为中国共*产主义者抛弃了马克思原初的四阶段架构...)
有兴趣的读者可用在线翻译阅读,如果英文感觉吃力的话。(引文中黑体是我作的。) |
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